Edmund Fitzgerald

Date 8-7-06

Height X .433 = Pressure at base per square inch. (Fresh Water).

Water Pressure - Static pressure per foot of head height:

• Salt water = .444 lb. per sq. inch.
• Fresh water = .433 lb. per sq. inch.

Water weight 62.4 lb. per cub. ft.
36 cub. ft. per ton. = (Long Ton 2240 lbs.)

Sample:

H = 27.5 foot tall water head.

H X .433 = 11.90 lb. per sq. inch at lowest point of ship outside shell.

144 sq. inches per sq. ft. = 144 X 11.90 = 1714 lb. per sq. ft. on the ship's shell at the lowest point.

The shipping industry standard for shipments of coal is the net ton (2,000 lbs or 907.2 kgs). Other bulk commodities use the gross ton (2,240 lbs / 1,016 kgs) or metric tonne (1,000 kgs / 2,204.6 lbs). All tonnage figures used here are the gross ton unless otherwise noted.

Freeboard on the Fitzgerald was the vertical distance from the permitted full load waterline to the spar deck at shell during winter season.

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